Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

When discussing heart conditions, mitral valve regurgitation is often overlooked. In simple terms, it means the mitral valve does not close completely, causing blood to move back into the heart’s left atrium. This can cause your heart to work harder and, if left untreated, lead to fatigue, breathlessness, or swelling. Let's delve deeper into this condition, including its causes, symptoms, and treatment options. 

The heart contains four valves that help direct blood flow. The mitral valve sits between the left atrium and the left ventricle and helps keep blood moving forward. If it leaks, the heart must pump extra blood to deliver to your body. Utilising extra muscles, although useful for added effort, can burden the heart over time and yield symptoms that affect quality of life.^[1]

Some leading mitral valve regurgitation causes include: 

• Valve abnormalities like mitral valve prolapse 

• Past infections, such as rheumatic fever 

• Heart muscle damage after a heart attack  

• Valve wear and tear due to aging 

• Infections inside the heart, known as endocarditis 

• Birth defects leading to malformed valves 

Each cause may play a role in how and when symptoms appear. 

There are two main types of mitral valve leaks. Primary mitral valve regurgitation happens when the valve itself is damaged, often due to aging or prolapse. Secondary mitral valve regurgitation occurs when the valve is normal, but the surrounding muscle is stretched and/or weakened. This affects how the valve itself works. Treatment will depend on the type and severity of secondary mitral valve regurgitation.^[2]

Early stages can be silent, but as things progress, pay attention to:

• Breathlessness when lying down or walking 

• Tiredness with little effort 

• Swelling in the ankles or feet 

• Fluttering, irregular heartbeat 

• Feeling light-headed or dizzy 

• Chest discomfort (not always present) 

These are key symptoms of mitral valve regurgitation. 

Doctors use several methods to find out if the mitral valve is leaking:

1. Physical exam – checking for a heart murmur 

2. Echo test – the best tool for mitral valve regurgitation diagnosis 

3. ECG – to track heartbeat patterns 

4. Chest X-ray – shows the heart's size and shape 

5. Stress test – checks how the heart performs under exertion 

Often, a combination of these will yield an accurate diagnosis.

Managing this condition depends on its degree of severity. It may include:

• Watchful waiting with regular scans for mild cases 

• Medicine to ease symptoms, control pressure, or manage rhythm 

• Valve repair surgery – preferred when the valve can be fixed 

• Valve replacement – needed if damage is too serious 

• Minimally invasive procedures for those unsuitable for open surgery 

Decisions rely on test results, age, and overall health. 

While not always avoidable, some habits may reduce the risk: 

• Keep blood pressure and blood sugar in check

• Watch your heart health with regular check-ups

• Treat infections promptly, especially strep throat

• Stop smoking, reduce alcohol consumption

• Get some good meals and exercise most days

These lifestyle changes support overall heart health. 

People with mild mitral valve regurgitation might usually need regular follow-up visits and heart-healthy habits. However, if the valve leak is more severe, treatment may help ease symptoms and support a better quality of life. The most crucial part is that you maintain regular contact with your cardiologist and follow recommended care when needed.

Here are some ways to support heart valve wellness: 

Include daily:

• Fresh fruits and vegetables

• Whole grains, legumes, and seeds

• Healthy fats like nuts and oils

Limit:

• Salt, sugary drinks, processed snacks

Avoid:

• Smoking and staying still for hours

Stay active: 

• Walks, gentle yoga, or breathing exercises 

These routines help the heart function properly and maintain valve health. 

Make an appointment if you experience:

• Breathlessness during normal tasks 

• Noticeable swelling in the ankles or legs 

• Rapid or irregular heartbeat 

• Feeling more tired than usual 

• Chest pain or a feeling of tightness 

Early diagnosis of mitral valve regurgitation can make all the difference. 

The MyClip TEER System by Meril Life is a transcatheter device designed for the treatment of mitral valve regurgitation. Delivered via a vein, the device helps the valve leaflets come together more effectively, reducing mitral valve leakage. This enhances blood flow and reduces strain on the heart. It is a safe, minimally invasive option for patients who are not candidates for major surgery. Recovery is typically quick, and most people feel better within a few days. 

Mitral valve regurgitation may not be a term you encounter every day, but understanding its signs and treatment options will help you take charge of your heart health. If you remain aware of the causes, be on the lookout for symptoms, and keep up with your check-ups, you can diagnose it at an early, manageable stage. With proper medical care and a heart-healthy lifestyle, it's absolutely possible to lead a full and active life.